Reflections on narrow-reef platinum mining pillar design …
The paper points out that bord-and-pillar mining is the most important method of coal extraction in South African underground coal mines, and advocates that …
impala Fact sheet
In FY2015 Impala produced 575 200 ounces of refined platinum. 2 IMPALA. 3 Both the Merensky and UG2 Reefs, which are contained ... Mechanised bord and pillar mining occurs in selected Merensky Reef areas on two of the shafts (12 and 14 Shafts). Mining currently extends to a depth of around 1 000 meters, with most
Mine ventilation in a board and pillar mines using CFD
Mitev et al. studied airflow patterns in Bord and Pillar mining [4]. Several studies have been conducted to study the gob in longwall mining: Yuan and Smith investigated spontaneous heating in a ...
AN OVERVIEW OF BORD AND PILLAR MINING …
The main objective of this present work is to review the overall Bord & Pillar working used in coal mines. 3. METHODOLOGY Steps involved in Bord and Pillar Mining System Develop the entire area into pillars and then extract the pillars starting from the boundary. Develop the area into panels and extract pillars subsequently panel wise.
9: Illustration of Bord and Pillar Mining Method (Van der …
The bords currently mined gave a shorter stand-up time which again compromises safety. Pillars need to be redesigned together with the implementation of a new roofbolt system to improve both ...
Impala Platinum: defined by geology
Impala Platinum's mining operations are finely tuned to what is possible in the complex geology of South Africa, writes Leon Louw. It has been 52 years since Impala Platinum (Implats), one of ...
Major Mines & Projects | Impala Mine
The average stoping width of the bord and pillar panels is about 1.9m. Conventional mining: Utilises underground conventional stoping to conduct mining operations. The underground tunnel development is drilled using handheld compressed air powered rockdrills, the subsequent hole drilled for rock extraction are filled with explosives and …
FACT SHEET IMPALA
Mechanised bord and pillar mining occurs in selected Merensky Reef areas at 14 Shaft. Mining currently extends to a depth of around 1 000 metres, with most operations ... Initially, Impala mined the Merensky Reef and mining on the UG2 chromitite layer only began in the early 1980s as the technology to smelt higher chrome ore was developed.
Pillar Extraction | SpringerLink
Abstract. Pillar extraction, (also referred to as retreat mining; pillar recovery; stooping; pillar robbing; and bord and pillar second workings) is the practice of forming …
(PDF) Chronological development in coal pillar design for bord …
bord and pillar workings: A critical appraisal M. Jawed 1 *, R. K. Sinha 2 and S. Sengupta 3 1 Depar tment of Mining Engineering an d Chairman, JEE-ISM, Indian School o f Mines, Dhanbad-82 6004,
Reflections on narrow-reef platinum mining pillar design …
Watson et al. (2008) (linear formula) Impala Platinum, South Africa. Watson ... The paper points out that bord-and-pillar mining is the most important method of coal extraction in South African ...
A study of surface subsidence and coal pillar safety for strip mining …
Some villages and bridges are located on the ground surface of the working district no. 7 in the Wanglou Coal Mine. If longwall mining is adopted, the maximum deformation of the ground surface will exceed the safety value. Strip mining is employed for the working district no. 7 which is widely used to reduce surface subsidence and the …
FACT SHEET IMPALA
predominantly conventional breast mining. Mechanised bord and pillar mining occurs in selected Merensky Reef areas on two of the shafts (12 and 14 Shafts). Mining currently …
Risks and challenges affecting opencast pillar mining in …
During the early years of coal mining, over 90% of South Africa's coal was produced by underground bord and pillar mining (Mohutsiwa and Musingwini, 2015). However, one of the biggest disadvantages of this method is its relatively low extraction ratio - an average of just less than 50% across all collieries in South Africa (Madden et al., 1995).
Development of a model to estimate strata behavior during bord …
Jena et al. [4] built a model to estimate formation behavior during side pillar mining in underground coal mining. This study was mainly focused on predicting a critical strata movement value for ...
Bord-and-pillar mining in inclined orebodies | Journal of the …
Abstract. This paper addresses the critical parameters that need to be considered when designing a mechanized bord-and-pillar mining layout for a narrow tabular steep …
Two Rivers Platinum Mine : the orebody, the mining …
reef to a minimum of 185 cm trackless mining cut. The mining method is a mechanized bord and pillar layout, which will yield a total of 185 000 tons at full run of mine …
Bord-and-pillar mining in inclined orebodies | Journal of …
Bord-and-pillar mining has some favourable promises such as improving labour difficulties, lowering operating costs and providing safer working conditions. The success of mechanized bord-and-pillar mining in narrow tabular steep dipping orebodies will depend on the extent of the research and development efforts which need to create and innovate ...
Typical ventilation layout for a bord and pillar operation
Chikande et al. (2022) created and implemented a ventilation-on-demand (VOD) system for the bord and pillar mining method at a platinum mine in Zimbabwe to reduce the usage of excess air in the ...
Major Mines & Projects | Impala Mine
In addition, bord and pillar mining (trackless) occurs in selected Merensky Reef areas at 14 Decline and 12 North Decline. The average stoping width of the bord and pillar …
Mine Health and Safety Council
from bord and pillar practices in the coal mining industry where the anchor support pattern, spacing layout, as well as the minimum drilling depth into the roof / hanging- wall, and …
Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and …
The UG2 chromitite seam is extracted through mechanized bord and pillar mining at a rate of 300 000 t per month at an average ore grade of 4.10 g/t (PGE + Au). The underground workings on the UG2 horizon are currently between 40 m and 800 m below surface, at an average orebody dip of 9 degrees, and are accessed through two decline shafts ...
A Methodology For Designing Pillar Layouts For Shallow Mining
Engineering. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. 2013. AbstractPillar design is of paramount importance to any underground mine design. Oversized pillars may lead to loss of coal while undersized pillars may lead to instability. While underground pillars…. Expand. 11. Highly Influenced.
LV 08
The in-panel pillars are intended to provide support resistance sufficient to prevent "backbreak" type in-panel failures, while yielding in a stable manner. As such, they are designed with a width: height ratio of approximately 2, meaning that for the mechanised mining height of 1.8 m they are 4.0 m wide x at least 6.0 m long.
The Petrographic and Geotechnical Properties of a Dolerite
The bord and pillar mining method involves the extraction of coal from relatively flat-lying deposits, whereby the excavation is carried out to produce a network of rooms between pillars of coal that are left behind to support the overlying strata (Brady and Brown 2006; Esterhuizen et al. 2013; Clemente et al. 2013). The rooms that are …
Implats
The operation comprises two on-reef decline shafts and a concentrator plant and has a life-of-mine offtake agreement with Impala Refining Services (IRS). Underground mining …
Two Rivers Platinum Mine : the orebody, the mining …
reef to a minimum of 185 cm trackless mining cut. The mining method is a mechanized bord and pillar layout, which will yield a total of 185 000 tons at full run of mine. production from the underground UG2 mine. Introduction. Two Rivers Platinum mine (TRP) is situated in. the southern lobe of the eastern limb of the.
Bord And Pillar Mining At Impala
The success of a bord and pillar mining method in the exploitation of platinum heavily depends on a comprehensive and competent pillar design method Pillars need to be large enough to contain load and to be small enough to avoid loss of resource An optimum pillar design method achieves such a scenarioImpala Rustenburg Impala, Implats' 96 ...
Longwall bane, bord and pillar boon
The mine was bought by Centennial for $18.8 million in August 1998 and 82 people were re-employed. It reopened as a bord and pillar operation less than a year later. What developed was one of the most economical mines in Australia. Clarence has consistently increased production from a level of 1.01 million tonnes in 1999-2000 to …
(PDF) A review of pillar design for platinum …
The evaluation concluded that the current pillar design systems for low reef platinum mining mainly consider w/h ratio and the strength of pillar material as important parameters in designing pillars.
Reflections on narrow-reef platinum mining pillar design …
The success of platinum mining by the bord and pillar method depends heavily on a comprehensive and dependable pillar design method. ... into the surrounding roadways (Salamon and Oravecz, 1976; Salamon and Munro, 1967; Hoek and Brown, 1980; Roberts et al., 2002). The average pillar stress (APS) can be expressed as a function of …
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